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Los Cronocrimenes
(2007)
A time travel story very much in the vein of Memento, and if you are familiar with Heinlein's All You Zombies, or By His Bootstraps, you pretty much know what to expect, storywise.
However, the movie is a tight little, enjoyable, thriller.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vmi3OY7cQfA

This is Heinlein's Worm Of Ouroboros theory.
As far as I know it's the first time it's been done on film, but there are plenty of literary antecedents. The "plot hole" is no plot hole at all, it is simply your typical time travel paradox, which no one really wants to address, even Dr. Who tries to stay away from them at all costs.

In Stainless Steel Rat, the simple act of the first ever, initial trip thru time disrupts the continuum enough to generate something even worse than this.
Once a working time machine is built it is inevitable that it will be used, even if only to test it, or to travel thru time and end up stepping on a butterfly (The Sound Of Thunder.)
They only way to avoid it is never to attempt time travel or to never build a working time machine.

The "plot hole," that is, showing the time travel paradox is the entire reason for the film, or for stories like Bradbury's, Heinlein's or Fredric Brown's.

The character here becomes a willing slave of time, in part because he is told he must be. Yet if he did not do that he could possibly have avoided everything that happened, depending on which theory of time travel you look at.
If you believe that there are small deviations in the story, than the answer is that he could have avoided all of it.
If you believe that there are no changes then he is already a time slave, as are all of us.

In a nutshell let me describe Robert A. Heinlein's All You Zombies:

Girl is born and abandoned in an orphan home.
Girl grows up and is seduced and made pregnant by mysterious man.
During delivery girl finds out she is a hermaphrodite and since her female organs are now messed up she needs to live the rest of her life as a he, so she goes under the knife and becomes a he.
Resulting baby girl is adopted by mysterious stranger.
Man becomes involved in time travel experiment and travels to the past.
Man seeks girl, seduces her and impregnates her.
Travels to time of delivery, adopts baby, and takes it back in time to leave at orphan home.
You can see now how the story goes.
There is no beginning and there is no end. We are describing the worm that eats its own tail.


You can say there is a plot hole there, but you'd be missing the point. Causality no longer works in a conventional sense since we are not dealing with normal time flow.

The whole thing is not a conventional story, it is an exercise where the author attempts to study (probably) the most extreme time paradox possible.


There are some time travel stories that feature "Time Police" who go around trying to fix paradoxes that time travelers get themselves into. When they fix a time mistake, they sometimes end up with little time loops isolated from the overall time stream. This movie describes just such a leftover loop. If you do not see the cause of it all, it may be just because it's been erased already by yet an additional travel thru time. The cause has been erased, it no longer exists, and the effects of the error have been sealed away on its own little time loop.
I'm am not saying that the makers even intended this. But if you need it, there it is.

In Dark City, you have a similar situation. There is no beginning, because there is no memory of one (the memory was erased.) You can go outside the story and try and figure something out, but the story itself will not give you a solution to what is, in effect, already unsolvable.

Jack Finney (From Time To Time, Time And Again) came up with a neat trick, he allows Time to heal itself of paradoxes. You are allowed to go back and kill Gramps, but then you cease to 'exist,' and the time stream changes. People who knew you forget you or events that relate to you, yet, even though you no longer 'exist,' some might have feelings such as deja vu concerning you and the events surrounding you. Someone outside of the time stream is still allowed to remember you. But Gramps remains dead.
According to Finney's version of time travel, this guy could have been free to do or not do whatever he wanted. He would have had to live with the consequences, but would not have disappeared nor have the Universe disappear with him if he did not attempt to slavishly follow the memories he had.

Fredric Brown explored all the different options for time travel in his short short stories.

Back To The Future addresses the matter in a ridiculous way, McFly starts to disappear little by little so that he has an opportunity to fix the paradox. And yet, the rules allow him to change the future, and go back to a new life, where the possibility of him existing simply because his parents got together again (for the second time,) somehow does not get eradicated. What are the chances that even after that change in life, the parents had sex at the same time, with the same resulting egg and sperm that would result in Marty a second time?
I don't remember any SF fan being bothered by this enough to deny the Nebula Award to the movie.

Yes, there is a paradox, and by its very nature there is no solution. As I've said, other authors shy away from them.
You basically have two alternatives, simply restructure the events so that effect follows cause (The Time Travelers, where you still get the resulting time loop,) or have Hector never meet himself (The Time Machine, which hardly explores the concept of time travel, they might as well have just had the guy make a spaceship that goes to the Morlock planet.) But, then, you don't get to blow the viewer's mind...
The Terminator series, Back To The Future series all deal with paradoxes, and no one seems to complain.
The artistic choice to present the paradox openly is a brave and valid one in my opinion. Otherwise you get cheated out of the real monsters (Mark Of The Vampire, Scooby Doo.)

Also, don't miss the short 7:35 En La Manana included in the DVD, it's a neat little comment on musicals and movies vs reality.


Will have some more comments when I finish watching it.

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Ok, I finished watching it, and here are my final comments.

I am very impressed by it.

The story can be read on several different levels. Some comments have been made that the decision to present the paradox in this manner is somehow an artistic mistake. I do not think so. The authors are using a language that is well known in the SF readership community. In any event, the whole time travel thing is nothing more than a MacGuffin.
The authors follow their own rules and don't cheat the audience. They are logically consistent. So I have no problem with the paradox.

The important aspect of the story is not the external time travel paradox that is presented, but the internal changes it provokes in its main character.
The character Hector is presented in three distinct stages. Stage One in which he is told the universe is what it is and he cannot change his destiny, and where he believes this so.

Stage Two, which is an intermediate stage where he begins to suspect that he might be able to change his life destiny, but in the meantime is running around trying to catch up with events and still attempting to follow the rules.

And Stage Three in which he realizes he must become responsible of his destiny (there are no rules,) he must pay a high price for being responsible, but there is not much of a choice since the result of being irresponsible is an even bigger price (it does however come the added trade-off comfort of knowing he is not responsible for it; Karma, Destiny, the Universe or God is.)
So which is it, do you let the Universe alone and claim you are not responsible for whatever becomes of it? Or do you take responsibility and live with the choices you must make?

In the process of the story we also see what might be construed as the effects of a casual fling in the life of a(n apparently) happily married character, and the steps (and high price that must be paid) to resolve it.

Yes, the story is about a crime, but in reality it is no more criminal than the irresponsible restructuring of the universe that is created by Marty McFly in the Back To The Future film, or the Tales From The Darkside, The Word Processor of the Gods (1984) episode, it is more like the hard decision that the Mom must make in The Good Son.